![]() Ron Hubbard, his wife Mary Sue Hubbard, and John Galusha. The first Church of Scientology organization was incorporated in December 1953 in Camden, New Jersey by L. Ron Hubbard, founder of the Church of Scientology Main article: History of Dianetics and Scientology L. ![]() David Miscavige is described by the Scientology organization as the highest-ranking Sea Org officer, and is referred to by the organization as its captain. Īll Scientology management organizations are controlled exclusively by members of the Sea Org, which is a legally nonexistent paramilitary organization for the "elite, innermost dedicated core of Scientologists". : 275 The Church of Spiritual Technology (CST) is the organization that owns all the copyrights of the estate of L. : 270 Its international headquarters are located at the Gold Base in Riverside County, California. The Church of Scientology International (CSI) is officially the "Mother Church", and is responsible for guiding the other Scientology centers. In some countries, it has attained legal recognition as a religion. In France, it has been classified as a dangerous cult. The German government classifies Scientology as an unconstitutional sect. : 168 The Church of Scientology itself was convicted of fraud by a French court in 2009, a decision upheld by the supreme Court of Cassation in 2013. In 1979, several executives of the organization were convicted and imprisoned for multiple offenses by a U.S. The movement has been the subject of a number of controversies, and the Church of Scientology has been described by government inquiries, international parliamentary bodies, scholars, law lords, and numerous superior court judgements as both a dangerous cult and a manipulative profit-making business. The Church of Scientology is a group of interconnected corporate entities and other organizations devoted to the practice, administration and dissemination of Scientology, which is variously defined as a cult, a business, or a new religious movement. ![]()
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